RKMBs Forums .::Robegories::. Comic Books Neal Adams, his art and his influence

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https://www.erbzine.com/mag36/3610.html


Neal Adams did covers for the new printing of Edgar Rice Burroughs TARZAN books in the late 1970's. There were 24 books total in the series, 12 with covers by Neal Adams, and 12 with covers by Boris Vallejo. But then I count 17 covers by Adams in these images, possibly more in the series were later replaced by Adams covers in a later printing, or were unpublished.

I have some, not all of the books. It's nice to see the whole set of covers together finally.

I first saw them as the Sal Quartuccio (S Q Productions) NEAL ADAMS PORTFOLIO, set A (1-4), set B (5-8), and set C (9-12), in a larger 11" X 14" size and caption free.
The above image is from the portfolio cover for set A. I bought these roughly 40 years ago from Bud Plant.

EARLY WORK

After graduation in 1959, he unsuccessfully attempted to find freelance work at DC Comics,[8] and turned then to Archie Comics, where he wanted to work on the publisher's fledgling superhero line, edited by Joe Simon. At the suggestion of staffers, Adams drew "three or four pages of [the superhero] the Fly", but did not receive encouragement from Simon.[9] Sympathetic staffers nonetheless asked Adams to draw samples for the Archie teen-humor comics themselves. While he did so, Adams said in a 2000s interview, he unknowingly broke into comics:

• I started to do samples for Archie and I left my Fly samples there. A couple weeks later when I came in to show my Archie samples, I noticed that the pages were still there, but the bottom panel was cut off of one of my pages. I said, 'What happened'. They said, 'One of the artists did this transition where Tommy Troy turns into the Fly and it's not very good. You did this real nice piece so we'll use that, if it's OK.' I said, 'That's great. That's terrific.'[9]

That panel ran in Adventures of the Fly #4 (Jan. 1960).[9] Afterward, Adams began writing, penciling, inking, and lettering[6] humorous full-page and half-page gag fillers for Archie's Joke Book Magazine.[9] In a 1976 interview, he recalled earning "[a]bout $16.00 per half-page and $32.00 for a full page. That may not seem like a great deal of money, but at the time it meant a great deal to myself as well as my mothers ... as we were not in a wealthy state. It was manna from heaven, so to speak." A recommendation led him to artist Howard Nostrand, who was beginning the Bat Masterson syndicated newspaper comic strip, and he worked as Nostrand's assistant for three months, primarily drawing backgrounds at what Adams recalled as $9 a week and "a great experience".[6]

Having "not left Archie Comics under the best of circumstances",[6] Adams turned to commercial art for the advertising industry. After a rocky start freelancing, he began landing regular work at the Johnstone and Cushing agency, which specialized in comic-book styled advertising.[10] Helped by artist Elmer Wexler, who critiqued the young Adams' samples, Adams brought his portfolio to the agency, which initially "didn't believe I had done those particular samples since they looked so much like Elmer Wexler's work. But they gave me a chance and ... I stayed there for about a year".[11]


BEN CASEY

In 1962, Adams began his comics career in earnest at the Newspaper Enterprise Association syndicate. From a recommendation, writer Jerry Caplin, a.k.a. Jerry Capp, brother of Li'l Abner creator Al Capp, invited Adams to draw samples for Capp's proposed Ben Casey comic strip, based on the popular television medical-drama series.[9] On the strength of his samples and of his "Chip Martin, College Reporter" AT&T advertising comic-strip pages in Boys' Life magazine, and of his similar Goodyear Tire ads,[12] Adams landed the assignment.[9] The first daily strip, which carried Adams' signature, appeared November 26, 1962; a color Sunday strip was added September 20, 1964.[13] Adams continued to do Johnston & Cushing assignments during Ben Casey's 3 and 1/2-year run.[14]

Comics historian Maurice Horn said the strip "did not shrink from tackling controversial problems, such as heroin addiction, illegitimate pregnancy, and attempted suicide. These were usually treated in soap opera fashion ... but there was also a touch of toughness to the proceedings, well rendered by Adams in a forceful, direct style that exuded realism and tension and accorded well with the overall tone of the strip".[13]

In addition to Capp, Jerry Brondfield also wrote for the strip, with Adams stepping in occasionally.[15]

The ABC series, which ran five seasons, ended March 21, 1966, with the final comic strip appearing Sunday, July 31, 1966.[13] Despite the end of the series, Adams has said the strip, which he claimed at different points to have appeared in 365 newspapers,[11] 265 newspapers,[16] and 165 newspapers,[17] ended "for no other reason that it was an unhappy situation":

• We ended the strip under mutual agreement. I wasn't happy working on the strip nor was I happy giving up a third of the money to [the TV series' producer,] Bing Crosby Productions. The strip I should have been making twelve hundred [dollars] a week from was making me three hundred to three-fifty a week. On top of that, I was not able to express myself artistically when I wanted to. But we left under very fine conditions. I was even offered a deal in which I would be paid so much a month if I would agree not to do any syndicated strip for anyone else, in order that I might save myself for anything they have for me to do.[11]

Adams' goal at this point was to be a commercial illustrator.[9] While drawing Ben Casey, he had continued to do storyboards and other work for ad agencies,[9] and said in 1976 that after leaving the strip he had shopped around a portfolio for agencies and for men's magazines, "but my material was a little too realistic and not exactly right for most. I left my portfolio in an advertising agency promising they were going to hold on to it. In the meantime I needed to make some money ... and I thought, 'Why don't I do some comics?'"[18] I
n a 2000s interview, he remembered the events slightly differently, saying "I took [my portfolio] to various advertising people. I left it at one place overnight and when I came back to get it the next morning it was gone. So six months worth of work down the drain. ... "[9]

He worked as a ghost artist for a few weeks in 1966 on the comic strip Peter Scratch (1965–1967), a hardboiled detective serial created by writer Elliot Caplin, brother of Al Capp and Jerry Capp, and artist Lou Fine.[19] Comics historians also credit Adams with ghosting two weeks of dailies for Stan Drake's The Heart of Juliet Jones, but are uncertain on dates; some sources give 1966, another 1968, and Adams himself 1963.[15] As well, Adams drew 18 sample dailies (three weeks' continuity) of a proposed dramatic serial, Tangent, about construction engineer Barnaby Peake, his college-student brother Jeff, and their teenaged sibling Chad, in 1965, but it was not syndicated.[20] Adams later said that Elliot Caplin offered Adams the job of drawing a comic strip based on author Robin Moore's The Green Berets, but that Adams, who opposed the Vietnam War, where the series was set, suggested longtime DC Comics war-comics artist Joe Kubert, who landed that assignment.[17]

Neal Adams Investigates Whether Republicans Can Work in Comics

Posted on March 14, 2019, by Rich Johnston

Neal Adams posted the revelation on Twitter. That comic book creators were not getting work because they voted Republican.



It's not the first time such a thing has been alleged. Despite plenty of Republican voters to my knowledge having senior comic book editorial and creative positions at Marvel and DC. With prominent figures including Marvel chairman Ike Perlmutter being a personal friend and major supporter of Trump, and the likes of Steve Geppi and Mike Richardson being very vocal against voting Democrat at the last election. And there are plenty of creators in regular Big Two work who vote Republican but who, probably wisely, choose not to talk publicly about their politics. Democrats, the same, the usual reason given is that they don't want to alienate any of their readers.

What there does seem to be is a number of creators not getting work at the Big Two because they have posted online in a fashion that has spurred too much controversy for the publisher, including the likes of Ales Kot, Chuck Wendig, Chelsea Cain, Ray Dillon, Renee DeLiz, Chris Roberson, Aubrey Sitterson and more. Moreover, they have often been openly critical of a publisher that they are working for. And others have been similalry pushed into the long grass for attacking or verbally abusing other creators or editors at a publisher, publicly or privately. Or writing some nasty e-mails to a collaborator, which then got passed around the creative community so that no one wanted to work with them anymore. Or, you know, for always being late.

And some of those people may have voted Republican. But a hell of a lot more of them seemed to have voted Democrat. Or Green. Or wrote in votes for Bernie. That's how I see and have experienced it, whenever I've dug a little deeper. Your mileage may vary of course.

Anyway, Neal Adams got back to us all. And he seems to have come to a similar conclusion.


Keep hunting Neal…
_______________________________________

About Rich Johnston
Founder of Bleeding Cool. The longest-serving digital news reporter in the world, since 1992. Author of The Flying Friar, Holed Up, The Avengefuls, Doctor Who: Room With A Deja Vu, The Many Murders Of Miss Cranbourne, Chase Variant. Lives in South-West London, works from Blacks on Dean Street, shops at Piranha Comics. Father of two.

Neal, this is not going to sit well with people who need to blame someone–anyone–else for their own mistakes.

— Patch Zircher (@PatrickZircher) March 14, 2019

@BillyTucci
·
Replying to @nealadamsdotcom
You didn't call me.
11:17 PM · Mar 12, 2019

Guess none of them was Bob Rogers.
https://t.co/oqzHzSe8Ji

— bright strangely (@brightstrangely) March 13, 2019

@schiekapedia
·
Replying to @nealadamsdotcom
It’s true, at least to the best of my knowledge, that I’ve never lost a comics job due to my political views. But it’s also true that I don’t voice those views publicly as I would not want it to interfere with my professional pursuits.

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Here's a link to another understudy of Neal Adams from Continuity Associates, Tom Grindberg.

https://erbzine.com/mag62/6277.html

Grindberg seems to be something of a chameleon artistically, who unlike many others from Continuity, hasn't spent a large chunk of their career drawing in a Neal Adams clonal style, as have, say, Rich Buckler or Bill Sienkiewicz. In the art examples of Grindberg shown from his Tarzan comic strip work, he draws in a more Joe Kubert/John Buscema style, with a bit of Frazetta influence. Logical choices when drawing Tarzan, all artists that have made a large previous contribution while drawing Tarzan, logical for an artist who wants to draw the character incorporating their previous work into a definitive version in his own work.

Although as we discussed in another topic recently, as this example demonsrates,
from DETECTIVE COMICS ANNUAL 4 (1991)...
https://viewcomiconline.com/detective-comics-1937-annual-4/

..Grindberg definitely has mastered drawing in the Neal Adams style.

https://viewcomiconline.com/detective-comics-1937-issue-395/

"Secret of the the Waiting Graves"
the first story by O'Neil, and Adams / Giordano
Another example of pure perfection in a Batman story. I'm just awed by the created mystery in this story, the balance of modern elements, combined with a more timeless gothic feel and the supernatural, and just the sheer poetry of it, right up through the last panel.
Everyone involved in creating it, and buying and reading it, had to know they were a part of comics history, something enduring and changed forever by this story. And here we are over 50 years later, and the legacy of it still shapes the character. That's one heck of a legacy for Schwartz, O'Neil, Adams, and Giordano.

HOT WHEELS 6, Jan-Feb 1971.
https://viewcomiconline.com/hot-wheels-issue-6/

Here's a Neal Adams checklist, where you can read all of Adams' stories online:


Neal Adams, DC work:


ACTION COMICS,
425 "The Human Target" backup story 6p, July 1973
(Adams p/Giordano inks)

AMAZING WORLD OF DC COMICS, SPECIAL EDITION, New York Comic Con
1 Superman story, reproduced from pencils, 5 pages, Feb 1976

ADVENTURES OF BOB HOPE
106 (Adams p and i) 23p Sept 1967
107 (Adams p and i) 24p Nov 1967
108 (Adams p and i) 23p Jan 1968
109 (Adams p and i) 23p Mar 1968

ADVENTURES OF JERRY LEWIS
101 (Adams p and i)23p Aug 1967
102 (Adams p and i) 23p Oct 1967
103 (Adams p and i) 23p Dec 1967
104 (Adams p and i) 24p Feb 1968

ALL-NEW LIMITED COLLECTORS' EDITION
C-56 SUPERMAN VS. MUHAMMAD ALI (Adams p/Giordano and Austin i), 73p, July 1978

AQUAMAN
50 (Adams p and i) Deadman backup, 9p, continued from B & B 86, April 1970
51 (Adams p and i) Deadman backup, 8p, June 1970
52 (Adams p and i) Deadman backup, 9p, Aug 1970

BATMAN
219 "Silent Night of the Batman" 8p, Adams p/Giordano i, Feb 1970
232 "Daughter of the Dragon" 22p Adams p/Giordano i, June 1971 (re-drawn versions in hc and tpb editions)
234 "Half an Evil" 15p, Adams p/Giordano i, Aug 1971
237 "Night of the Reaper", Adams p/Giordano i, 25p, Dec 1971
243 "The Lazarus Pit", 24p, Adams p/Giordano i, Aug 1972
244 "The Demon Lives Again" 16p, Adams p/Giordano i, Sept 1972
245 "The Bruce Wayne Murder Case" 15p, Adams p/Giordano i, Oct 1972
251 "The Joker's Five-Way Revenge" 23p, Adams p and i, Sept 1973 (altered HC version, and original version)
255 "Moon of the Wolf" 20p, Adams p/Giordano i, April 1974

BRAVE AND THE BOLD
79 "Track of the Hook" Adams p/Giordano i, 24p, Sept 1968
80 "And Helgrammite Is His Name" Adams p/Giordano i, 23p, Nov 1968
81 "But Bork Can Hurt You!" Adams p/Adams, Giordano and Colletta i, 24p, Jan 1969
82 "Sleepwalker From The Sea" Adams p/Giordano i, 23p, Mar 1969
83 "Punish Not My Evil Son", Adams p/Giordano i, 23p, May 1969
84 "The Angel, the Rock and the Cowl", Adams p and i, 24p, July 1969 (page 19 inked by Kubert)
85 "The Senator's Been Shot", Adams p/Giordano i, 23p, Sept 1969
86 "You Can't Hide From a Deadman", Adams story and p/Giordano i, 23p, Nov 1969
93 "Red Water, Crimson Death", Adams p and i, 23p, Jan 1971
100 r STRANGE ADVENTURES 210, 14p, Deadman, as backup story, March 1972
102 Aparo p & i (p 1-14), Adams p & i (p 15-22), July 1972

CHALLENGERS OF THE UNKNOWN
74 Tuska 16p, Adams p & i 7p, 23p total, July 1970
(Deadman story, continues from AQUAMAN 50-52. See also JLA 94 and BATMAN 232.)

DETECTIVE COMICS
369 "Legend of the Lovers' Lantern", Elongated man backup story, 9p, Adams p and i, Nov 1967
395 "Secret of the Waiting Graves" 16p, Adams p/Giordano i, Jan 1970
397 "Paint a Picture of Peril" 15p, Adams p/Giordano i, March 1970 (altered HC version, and original version.)
400 "Challenge of the Man-Bat" 16p, Adams p/Giordano i, June 1970
402 "Man or Bat?" 16p, Aug 1970, Adams p/Giordano i, Aug 1970
404 "Ghost of the Killer Skies" 15p, Adams p, Giordano i, Oct 1970
407 "Marriage: Impossible" 15p, Adams p/Giordano i, Jan 1971
408 "The House that Haunted Batman" 15p, Adams p/Giordano i, Feb 1971
410 "A Vow From the Grave" 15p, Adams p/Giordano i, April 1971

FLASH
217 "The Killing of an Archer" part 1 (of 3), 10 pages, Sept 1972, GL/GA backup series, continued from GREEN LANTERN 89
218 "Green Arrow Is Dead", part 2, Adams p/Giordano i,10p, Nov 1972
219 "The Fate of an Archer", part 3, Adams p/Giordano i, 10p, Jan 1973
226 "The Powerless Power Ring" Adams p/Giordano i, 8p, April 1974

GREEN LANTERN
76 Adams p and i, 23p, April 1970
77 Adams p/Giacoia i, 23p, June 1970
78 Adams p/Giacoia i, 24p, July 1970
79 Adams p/Adkins i, 22p, Sept 1970
80 Adams p/Giordano i, 22p Oct 1970
81 Adams p/Giordano i, 22p, Dec 1970
82 Adams p/Giordano i 21p, Wrightson i 1p, March 1971
83 Adams p/Giordano i, 22p, May 1971
84 Adams p/Wrightson i, 22p, July 1971
85 Adams p and i, 22p, Sept 1971
86 Adams p/Giordano i, 22p, Nov 1971
87 Adams p/Giordano i, 25p, Jan 1972
89 Adams p and i, 25p, May 1972
(Adams' GREEN LANTERN continues as backup series in FLASH 217-219, 226)

HOT WHEELS
6 Adams p/Giordano i, 14p, Feb 1971

HOUSE OF MYSTERY
178 "The Game", Adams story, p and i, 7p, Feb 1969
179 "The Widow's Walk", Adams p/Orlando i, 10p, April 1969
186 "Nightmare", Adams p/Giordano i, 12p June 1970
224 r HOUSE OF SECRETS 82, Dillin p/Adams i 5p, May 1974
228 "The Rebel", Alan Kupperberg p/Adams i, 4p, Jan 1975
236 "Deep Sleep", Paul Kirchner p/Adams i, 9p, Oct 1975

HOUSE OF SECRETS
82 "The One and Only, Fully Guaranteed...", Dillin p/Adams i, 5p, Nov 1969
85 "Second Choice", Gil Kane p/Adams i, 12p, May 1970
90 "The Symbionts" Buckler p/Adams i, 6p, March 1971


That took a long time, to be continued...

The second half of Adams' DC checklist:


JUSTICE LEAGUE OF AMERICA
94 Adams p & i 4p, Dillin/Geilla 18p (22p total), Nov 1971
(Deadman story)

LIMITED COLLECTORS' EDITION
C-31 (Superman theme park feature) 4p, Nov 1974 (Apparently this was going to be a real theme park, described here and here )
C-48 (Superman's fortress of solitude feature) 6p, Nov 1976

MISTER MIRACLE
19 (Marshall Rogers p/"Ilya Hunch" inks) 17p
(Adams apparently only inked the eyes on first page. Specific breakdown of all inkers on letters page of issue 20)

OUR ARMY AT WAR
182 (Adams p and i) 9p, July 1967 "It's My Turn To Die"
183 (Adams p and i) 9p, Aug 1967 "Invisible Sniper"
186 (Adams p and i) 9p, Nov 1967 "My Life For A Medal"
240 (Adams p and i) 8p, Jan 1972 "Another Time, Another Place"

PHANTOM STRANGER
4 (Adams p/Draut inks) 23p, Dec 1969 (full story also linked at this blog site )

SECRETS OF SINISTER HOUSE
10 "Losing His Head" (Hama and Adams p/Buckler inks) 8p, Mar 1973

SPECTRE
2 (Adams p and i) 23p, Feb 1968
3 (Adams p and i) 24p, Apr 1968
4 (Adams p and i) 24p, June 1968
5 (Adams p and i) 23p, Aug 1968

STAR SPANGLED WAR STORIES
134 (Adams p and i) 14p, Sept 1967, "The War that Time Forgot"
144 (Adams p/Kubert i) 23p, May 1969, "Enemy Ace"

STRANGE ADVENTURES
206 (Adams p/Roussos i) 17p, Nov 1967
207 (Adams p and i) 17p, Dec 1967
208 (Adams p and i) 17p, Jan 1968
209 (Adams p and i) 23p, Feb 1968
210 (Adams p and i) 14p, Mar 1968
211 (Adams p and i) 17p, Apr 1968
212 (Adams p and i) 17p, Jun 1968
213 (Adams p and i) 17p, Aug 1968
214 (Adams p and i) 23p, Oct 1968
215 (Adams p and i) 17p, Dec 1968
216 (Adams p and i) 17p, Feb 1969
(Deadman by Adams continues in BRAVE AND THE BOLD 79 and 86, AQUAMAN 50-52, CHALLENGERS 74, JLA 94, and BATMAN 232)

SUPERMAN
249 backup story: "The Origin of Terra-Man" (Dillin p/Adams i) 6p, Mar 1972
254 Clark Kent backup story: "The Baby Who Walked Through Walls" (Adams p and i) 7p, July 1972

SWORD OF SORCERY
1 (Chaykin p/Adams inks * ) 23p, March 1973
2 (Chaykin p/Adams inks * ) 23p, May 1973

TEEN TITANS
20 (Adams p/Cardy inks) 23p, Apr 1969
21 (Adams p/Cardy inks) 25p, June 1969
22 (Adams p/Cardy inks) 16p, Aug 1969

WEIRD WAR TALES
8 "Thou Shalt Not Kill" (Harper p/Adams inks) 7p, Nov 1972

WEIRD WESTERN TALES
12 (Adams p/Wrightson inks) 4p, July 1972 "El Diablo" backup story
13 (Adams p and i) 11p, Sept 1972, "El Diablo"
15 (Adams p and i) 12p, Jan 1973, "El Diablo"

WEIRD WORLDS
2 (Weiss p/Adams i * ) 12p, Nov 1972 "Pellucidar" backup series
3 (Weiss p/Adams i * ) 12p, Jan 1973 "Pellucidar"

WITCHING HOUR
8 (Adams p and i) 11p, May 1970
13 (Adams p/Giordano i) 4p, Mar 1971

WONDER WOMAN
220 (Giordano p/Adams uncredited partial inks) 20p, Nov 1975

WORLD'S FINEST
175 (Adams p/Giordano i) 17p, May 1968
176 (Adams p/Giordano i) 18p, June 1968


* = Adams credited as "Crusty Bunkers", which were artist-jam inks by Adams and whoever was helping him in the office of Continuity Associates that day, which could include folks like Dick Giordano, Al Weiss, Al Milgrom, Pat Broderick, Mike Nasser, and others.


Checklists for Adams' Marvel and Warren work to follow.

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Some lesser-known work by Neal Adams are the painted covers he did in the 1973-1978 period, mostly for Marvel's black and white magazines, but also for the short-lived Seaboard Atlas, and later returning to DC in 1976-1978 to again do covers.

At Mycomicshop listings, you can quickly flip through all the covers, but at the Readcomiconline site, you can more slowly (where they are included) look at the larger images and really see the detail. For the one listing Readcomiconline didn't have the full issue, I linked the Mycomicshop listing, so you can at least see what the book looks like.


Neal Adams, Seaboard Atlas work

IRON JAW
1 Adams cover, Jan 1975
2 Adams cover, Mar 1975

PLANET OF VAMPIRES
1 Broderick p/Adams inks, cover, Feb 1975
2 Broderick p/Adams inks, cover, Apr 1975

THRILLING ADVENTURE STORIES (b & w magazine)
2 painted cover, August 1975

WULF THE BARBARIAN
2 Larry Hama story, Hama p/Janson inks, with partial inks by Neal Adams, Ralph Reese, Ed Davis, Wally Wood, Bob McLeod, Pat Broderick, Vincente Alcazar, Paul Kirchner and Jack Abel. 20 pages. April 1975



Neal Adams, Archie/Red Circle comics work

ARCHIE'S SUPERHERO SPECIAL
2 Black Hood story, "LIfe's not like a comic book", Adams p/Giordano inks, 10 pages, 1979
( A digest-size 148p reprint collection of mostly 1950's/1960's material, but includes previously unpublished new material, what looks like inventory stories for a circa-1975 unpublished BLACK HOOD comic. Stories by: Gray Morrow 8p, Morrow/McWilliams 4p, Adams/Giordano 10p, Al McWilliams, 5p. Later reprinted in regular comic size in BLUE RIBBON COMICS 8, May 1984. ) New BLACK HOOD cover by Adams also.

BLUE RIBBON COMICS
8 Black Hood story, "LIfe's not like a comic book", Adams p/Giordano inks, 10 pages, May 1984.
(Same new material as in the previous digest, but with larger pages and clearer printing, and for the first time in a normal 7" X 10" comic size. )



Neal Adams, painted covers for Marvel magazines

DEADLY HANDS OF KUNG FU
1 Adams cover, April 1974
2 Adams cover, June 1974
3 Adams cover, Aug 1974
4 Adams cover, Sept 1974
11 Adams cover, April 1975
12 Adams cover, May 1975
14 Adams cover, July 1975
17 Adams cover, Oct 1975

DRACULA LIVES
3 Adams cover (plus in previous Marvel checklist, stories in issues 2 and 3), Oct 1973

MARVEL PREVIEW
1 Adams cover, interior "Good Lord" story already indexed in the Marvel section above. April 1975.

MONSTERS UNLEASHED
3 Adams cover, Nov 1973

SAVAGE TALES
4 Adams cover, May 1974
5 Adams cover, July 1974
6 Adams cover, Sept 1974

SAVAGE SWORD OF CONAN
2 Adams cover, Oct 1974

EPIC ILLUSTRATED
6 Adams cover, June 1981


Neal Adams, for S Q Productions

HOT STUF'
1 a 1-page pencil drawing for "coming next issue" (but story ended up actually as "Thrillkill" in CREEPY 75, Nov 1975, changed into a story completely unrelated to the Kent State incident)..... Summer 1974
2 "The emperor's food taster's favorite job", double-page centerfold gag illustration. Winter 1975
8 Adams painted cover, Winter 1978